Harmful Microorganisms
Communicable Disease: A disease which can spread from one person to another is called communicable disease.
Infectious Disease: A disease which is caused by an attack from microbes is called infectious disease.
Pathogen
A microbe which causes disease is called a pathogen. Some examples of pathogens are as follows:
Pathogens and Diseases
Pathogen | Disease | Mode of Transmission |
---|---|---|
Plasmodium | Malaria | Spreads through bite of female Anopheles mosquito. |
Dengue virus | Dengue | Spreads through bite of Aedes mosquito. |
Common cold virus | Common cold | Through air; when someone coughs or sneezes. |
Many bacteria | Cholera, diarrhoea | Through contaminated food and water. |
Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis B | Through exchange body fluids. |
HIV | AIDS | Through exchange of body fluids. |
Bacillus anthracis | Anthrax (in animals) | Through contact. |
How to prevent Malaria and Dengue:
- Malaria and dengue spread through mosquitoes. So, breeding of mosquito should be prevented.
- Don’t allow water to stagnate in surroundings because mosquitoes lay eggs in stagnant water.
- Frequently clean the water in cooler.
- Keep the overhead tank covered.
- Keep the drains properly covered.
- Fill any ditch with sand or soil.
- Use mosquito repellant creams and mosquito nets to prevent mosquito bite.
Diseases caused by microbes in plants | ||
---|---|---|
Microbes | Disease | Mode of transmission |
Bacteria | Citrus canker | Air |
Fungi | Rust of wheat | Air, seeds |
Virus | Yellow vein mosaic of Okra | Insects |