Class 7 Science


Light: Spherical Mirror

Learning Goals

spherical mirror

When the mirror is a part of a sphere, it is called spherical mirror. Spherical mirrors are of two types. In concave mirror, the reflective surface is inside the sphere, i.e. is depressed. In convex mirror, the reflective surface is outside the sphere, i.e. is bulged or protruded.

Image formation in Concave Mirror

In case of concave mirror, the image is usually inverted, real and smaller than the object. When the object is kept too close to the concave mirror, the image is erect, virtual and larger than the object.

Uses of Concave Mirror

Image formation in Convex Mirror

In case of convex mirror, the image is erect, virtual and smaller than the object.

Uses of Convex Mirror

Review Questions

Which type of image is usually formed in case of concave mirror?

Answer: Inverted, real and smaller

Which type of image is formed in case of convex mirror?

Answer: Erect, virtual and larger

Lens

Lens is made of two transparent surfaces in which at least one surface is curved. Convex and concave lenses in which both surfaces are either convex or concave are the most common types.

lens

Image formation in Convex Lens

In case of convex lens, the image is usually inverted, real and smaller than the object. When the object is kept too close to the convex lens, the image is erect, virtual and larger than the object.

Image formation Concave Lens

In case of concave lens, the image is erect, virtual and smaller than the object.

Uses of Lens

Convex lens is used in microscope, telescope and camera. Convex lens is also used in reading glasses. Concave lens is used in spectacles.

Components of White Light

newton's disc

The white light, or visible spectrum, is composed of seven colours. These colours are VIBGYOR (Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red). When white light passes through a prism, it breaks down into its component colours. This is the reason rainbows show all the colours of the visible spectrum.

Newton's Disc

Since Newton was the first to make this, it is called Newton's Disc. It is a circular disc on which seven colours of the rainbow are painted on seven different sectors. When the disc is rotated at certain speeds, it appears to be white. This shows, how the seven colours make the white light.

Review Questions

How many colours are there in the visible spectrum?

Answer: Seven

Which type of lens is used in a camera?

Answer: Convex