Motion
When an object changes its position with elapse of time in respect to a stationary object, such as a building, electric pole, etc., the object is said to be in motion.
Slow and Fast Motion: If an object A covers a distance in less time and another object B covers the same distance in more time, the object A is called a faster moving object and object B is called a slower moving object. In other words, object A has faster motion and object B has slower motion.
Types of Motion
Rectilinear Motion: Motion along a straight line is known as RECTILINEAR MOTION OR MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE. For example: Motion of a car along a straight line.
Curvilinear Motion: Motion along a curve line is known as CURVILINEAR MOTION. For example: Motion of car or any moving object along a curve line.
Circular Motion: Motion along a circle is known as CIRCULAR MOTION. For example: Motion of cyclist along a circular park.
Speed
Speed: Distance covered by an object in unit time is called speed.
Speed = Distance/Time
Speed may be divided into three types: Uniform speed, Non-Uniform Speed and Average Speed
Uniform Speed: If an object covers a fixed distance in each unit of time the motion is known as UNIFORM MOTION or UNIFORM SPEED.
Non-uniform Speed: If an object does not cover a fixed distance in each unit of time the motion is known as NON-UNIFORM MOTION or NON-UNIFORM SPEED.
Average Speed: Total distance covered divided by total time taken is known as AVERAGE SPEED.
Average Speed = Total Distance Covered/Total time taken
Speed is also known as VELOCITY.
Review Question:
Question 1: A car covers a distance of 100 km in 5 hour, calculate its speed.
Answer: Given, Total distance = 100 km
Total time taken = 5 hour
We know that, Average Speed = Distance ÷ time
= 100 km ÷ 5 hour = 20 km per hour
Question 2: A car covers 20 km in the first hour and cover 30 km in the last 4 hours. Find its average speed.
Answer: Given, Total distance covered = 20 km + 30 km = 50 km
Total time taken = 1 hour + 4 hour = 5 hour
We know that, Average Speed = Distance ÷ time
= 50 ÷ 5 = 10 km per hour