Class 9 Maths


Lines And Angles

Important Terms

(a) Segment: A part of line with two end points is called a line-segment.
A line segment is denoted by AB and its length is is denoted by AB.

(b) Ray: A part of a line with one end-point is called a ray.
We can denote a line-segment AB, a ray AB and length AB and line AB by the same symbol AB.

(c) Collinear points: If three or more points lie on the same line, then they are called collinear points, otherwise they are called non-collinear points.

Angle

An angle is formed by two rays originating from the same end point.
The rays making an angle are called the arms of the angle and the end-points are called the vertex of the angle.

Types of Angles:

(i) Acute angle: An angle whose measure lies between 0° and 90°, is called an acute angle.

Acute Angle

(ii) Right angle: An angle, whose measure is equal to 90°, is called a right angle.

Right Angle

(iii) Obtuse angle: An angle, whose measure lies between 90° and 180°, is called an obtuse angle.

Obtuse Angle

(iv) Straight angle: The measure of a straight angle is 180°.

Straight Angle

(v) Reflex angle: An angle which is greater than 180° and less than 360°, is called the reflex angle.

reflex angle

(vi) Complimentary angle: Two angles, whose sum is 90°, are called complimentary angle.

(vii) Supplementary angle: Two angles whose sum is 180º, are called supplementary angle.

(viii) Adjacent angle: Two angles are adjacent, if they have a common vertex, common arm and their non-common arms are on different sides of the common arm.

Adjacent Angle

In the above figure ∠ABD and ∠DBC are adjacent angles. Ray BD is their common arm and point B is their common vertex. Ray BA and ray VC are non common arsm.

When the two angles are adjacent, then their sum is always equal to the angle formed by two non-common arms.

Thus, ∠ABC = ∠ABD + ∠DBC

Here, we can observe that ∠ABC and ∠DBC are not adjacent angles, because their non-common arms and AB lie on the same side of the common arm BC

(ix) Linear pair of angles: If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180º, then their non-common lines are in the same straight line and two adjacent angles form a linear pair of angles.

Linear pair of angles

In this figure, ∠ABD and ∠CBD form a linear pair of angles because ∠ABD + ∠CBD = 180°

(x) Vertically opposite angles: When two lines AB and CD intersect at a point O, the vertically opposite angles are formed.

oposite angle

Here are two pairs of vertically opposite angles. One pair is ∠AOD and ∠BOC and the second pair is ∡AOC and ∠BOD. The vertically opposite angles are always equal.
So, ∠AOD = ∠BOC
And ∠AOC = ∠BOD

(e) Intersecting lines and non-intersecting lines: Two lines are intersecting if they have one point in common. We have observed in the above figure that lines AB and CD are intersecting lines, intersecting at O, their point of intersection.