Motion

Equation of Motion:

Relation among velocity, distance, time and acceleration is called equations of motion. There are three equations of motion:

The final velocity (v) of a moving object with uniform acceleration (a) after time, t.

Let, the initial velocity = u.
Final velocity = v.
Time = t
Acceleration = a

We know that, Acceleration (a) `=(text{Change in velocity})/(text{Time taken})`

`=> a=(text{Final velocity-Initial velocity})/text{Time taken}`

`=>a=(v-u)/t`

`=>at=v-u`

`=>at-v=-u`

`=>-v=-u-at`

`=>v=u+at` ---(i)

This equation is known as first equation of motion.

Distance covered in time (t) by a moving body.

Let, Initial velocity of the object = u
Final velocity of the object = v
Acceleration = a
Time = t
Distance covered in given time = s

We know that,

Average velocity `=(text{Initial velocity+Final velocity})/2`

∴ Average velocity `=(u+v)/2` ----(ii)

We know that, Distance covered (s) in given time = Average velocity x Time

Or, s = Average velocity x Time -----------------(iii)

After substituting the value of average velocity from equation (ii) we get

`=>s=(u+v)/2xxt`

After substituting the value of ‘v’ from first equation of motion we get,

`=>s=(u+(u+at))/2xxt`

`=>s=(u+u+at)/2 xxt`

`=>s=(2u+at)/2 xxt`

`=> s=(2ut+at^2)/2`

`=>s=(2ut)/2+(at^2)/2`

`=>s= ut+(at^2)/2`

`=>s=ut+1/2 at^2` ----(iv)

The above equation is known as Second equation of motion.