Class 9 Science

Solution

Mixture can be categorised in three types on the basis of their particles’ size. These are; solution, suspension and colloid.

In this lesson, you will learn about different types of solution and general properties of solution. You will also learn about saturated and unsaturated solution.

Solution

Mixture of two or more substances with one phase only, i.e. having no distinct boundary of constituent particles is called solution. For example, solution of sugar and water, solution of salt and water, lemonade, soft drinks, etc. Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

In a solution, components are mixed in such a way that they appear as only one phase. When seen through naked eyes, constituent particles of a solution cannot be identified because particles are mixed evenly throughout.

In a solution, there are two types of components – one is called solute and other is called solvent.

Solute: Substance which is present in smaller quantity in a mixture is called solute.

Solvent: Substance in a mixture which is present in larger quantity in a mixture is called solvent.

Example: In the solution of salt and water, salt is present in small quantity while water is present in larger quantity. Here salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

Solution of tincture iodine is made by dissolving iodine in alcohol. In this solution, iodine is the solute and alcohol is the solvent.

Air is mixture of many gases. As air consists of only one phase, it is considered as solution. Air consists about 78% of nitrogen and 21% oxygen and rest of other gases. Thus in the case of air, nitrogen can be called as the solvent and remaining gases can be called as solutes.

Solvent and solute can be solid, liquid or gas.

Types of solution

Solid-solid solution

Solution of two or more solids are generally known as solid-solid solution. For example – alloys. Alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals and non metals or two metals or two non-metals. The components of an alloy cannot be separated by physical methods, their boundaries are not distinct and they can have variable compositions, thus alloy is considered as solution.

Solid–Liquid solution

Solution of solid and liquid is called solid-liquid solution. For example - solution of salt and water.

Liquid–Liquid solution

Solution of two miscible liquids are called liquid-liquid solution, such as solution of water and acetic acid. The solution of acetic acid in water is known as vinegar.

Gas-Liquid solution

Solution of gas into liquid is called gas-liquid solution. For example – Soft drink. In soft drink, carbon dioxide is usually dissolved in liquid, because of which a hiss sound comes while opening the cap of the bottle.

Gas-gas solution

Solution of two or more gas is called gas-gas solution. For example – air, which is the solution of many gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.

General Characteristics of Solution

Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions

Saturated Solution

When a solution cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature, the point is called saturation point of the solution and solution is called saturated solution. This means, no more solute can be dissolved in a saturated solution at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

Solution in which more solution can dissolved at a given temperature, is called unsaturated solution.

Solubility

Solubility is the amount of solute in a saturated solution at a given temperature. In other words, maximum capacity to dissolve a solute in a solution at a given temperature is called solubility.

Different solvents can dissolve different amount of solute. This means different solvents have different solubility. Solubility increases with increase in temperature.

Concentration

Concentration is the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution.

This means Concentration `= (text{Amount of solute})/(text{Amount of Solvent})`

Or, Concentration `=(text{Amount of solute})/(text{Amount of solution})`

Thus, concentration is the ratio of amount of solute and amount of solvent.

Concentration can be expressed in mass percentage or volume percentage of a solution.

Mass percentage of a solution

Concentration`=(text{Mass of solute})/(text{Mass of solution})xx100`

This means when concentration is expressed in mass percentage, it is called concentration by mass percentage.

Volume percentage of a solution

Concentration `=(text{Volume of solute})/(text{Volume of solution})xx100`

This means when concentration is expressed in volume percentage, it is called concentration by volume percentage.

Quiz



See Answer

1: (d) Water, 2: (a) Solute, 3: (b) Solid-Solid Solution, 4: (c) Liquid-Liquid Solution, 5: (d) Less than or equal to 1 nanometer